A mini-split system, also known as a ductless mini-split or ductless heat pump, is a type of heating and cooling system that provides climate control for individual rooms or zones without the need for ductwork. Here's how a mini-split system works:
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Outdoor Unit: The system consists of two main components: an outdoor unit and one or more indoor air handlers. The outdoor unit contains a compressor, condenser coil, and a fan.
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Refrigerant Cycle: Similar to traditional central air conditioning systems, mini-splits use a refrigerant to transfer heat. The cycle begins with the outdoor unit compressing and pressurizing the refrigerant.
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Indoor Air Handlers: Inside each room or zone, an indoor air handler is mounted high on a wall, ceiling, or floor, depending on the model. These air handlers contain an evaporator coil, a fan, and a filter.
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Heat Transfer: The pressurized refrigerant travels through a set of copper tubes or lines, one for supply (liquid) and one for return (gas), that connect the outdoor unit to each indoor air handler.
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Cooling Mode: In cooling mode, the indoor unit's fan blows warm indoor air over the cold evaporator coil. As the refrigerant evaporates, it absorbs heat from the room, and the cooled air is then circulated back into the room, lowering the temperature.
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Heating Mode: Mini-splits can also provide heating by reversing the refrigerant cycle. The outdoor unit extracts heat from the outside air (even in cold weather) and transfers it indoors through the refrigerant lines. The indoor air handler's fan blows air over the warm coil, distributing heated air into the room.
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Zoning: One of the key advantages of mini-splits is zoning capability. Each indoor air handler can be controlled independently, allowing you to set different temperatures for individual rooms or zones. This enhances energy efficiency and provides personalized comfort.
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Thermostat Control: Mini-split systems are typically controlled by remote controllers or wall-mounted thermostats, giving users the ability to adjust settings, change modes, and set timers as needed.
Mini-split systems are known for their energy efficiency, quiet operation, and flexibility in both residential and commercial applications. They are an excellent choice for spaces where traditional ducted systems are impractical or cost-prohibitive.